Ink Crystallization on Intaglio-Printed Currency: The Surface Defect That Looks Like an Error But Occurs After Printing
Ink crystallization is one of the most misunderstood surface phenomena in paper money collecting, frequently mistaken for a printing error or deliberate variety. Understanding what causes it, how to identify it, and how it affects a note’s grade and value can save collectors from costly mistakes and reveal hidden gems hiding in plain sight.
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