The Currency of the Philippine Insurrection 1899–1902: How American Forces Used US Federal Notes in a Guerrilla War
When American troops shipped out to suppress Emilio Aguinaldo’s insurgency in the Philippines, they carried US federal currency into one of the most chaotic monetary environments in American colonial history. Understanding which notes circulated, how they were used, and what survives today gives collectors a rare window into a forgotten chapter of American numismatic history.
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